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Photocatalyst activity indicator inks
== Photocatalyst Activity Indicator Inks (''Paii's'') ==
A photocatalyst activity indicator ink, ''Paii'',〔Mills, A., Wang, J., Lee, S. & Simonsen, M. 2005, "An intelligence ink for photocatalytic films.", Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom), no. 21, pp. 2721-2723.〕〔Mills, A. & McGrady, M. 2008, "A study of new photocatalyst indicator inks.", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry, vol. 193, no. 2-3, pp. 228-236.〕〔Kafizas, A., Crick, C. & Parkin, I.P. 2010, "The combinatorial atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (cAPCVD) of a gradating substitutional/interstitial N-doped anatase TiO2 thin-film; UVA and visible light photocatalytic activities.", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry, vol. 216, no. 2-3, pp. 156-166.〕〔A. Mills, J. Hepburn, D. Hazafy, C. O’Rourke, J. Krysa, M. Baudys, M. Zlamal, H. Bartkova, C.E. Hill, K.R. Winn, M.E. Simonsen, E.G. Søgaard, S.C. Pillai, N.S. Leyland, R. Fagan, F. Neumann, C. Lampe, T. Graumann, A simple, inexpensive method for the rapid testing of the photocatalytic activity of self-cleaning surfaces, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 272, 2013, 18–20.〕〔A. Mills, J. Hepburn, D. Hazafy, C. O’Rourke, N. Wells, J. Krysa, M. Baudys, M. Zlamal, H. Bartkova, C. E. Hill, K. R. Winn, M. E. Simonsen, E. G. Søgaard, S. Banerjee, R. Fagan, S. C. Pillai, Photocatalytic activity indicator inks for probing a wide range of surfaces, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 290, 2014, 63–71.〕〔A. Mills, C. O’Rourke, N. Wells, A smart ink for the assessment of low activity photocatalytic surfaces, Analyst, 139, 2014, 5409–5414.〕〔A. Mills, C. O’Rourke, K. Lawrie, S. Elouali, Assessment of the activity of photocatalytic paint using a simple smart ink designed for high activity surfaces, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 6, 2014, 545−552.〕〔A. Mills, N. Wells, Smart, reusable labels for assessing self-cleaning films, Chem. Commun., 51, 2015, 4161–4163.〕 quickly and easily identifies the presence of an underlying heterogeneous photocatalyst and provides a measure of its activity. A heterogeneous photocatalyst is a material that uses absorbed light energy (usually UV) to drive desired reactions that would not otherwise proceed under ambient conditions. Commercial photocatalytic products, which include: architectural glass, tiles, concrete, paint and fabrics. are marketed on their ability to clean their own surfaces (i.e. are self-cleaning) and the ambient air. ''Paiis'' address the industry need for a rapid, simple, inexpensive method to demonstrate and assess the activities of the usually thin, invisible to the eye, photocatalytic coatings present on self-cleaning products. A ''Paii'', coated onto the surface of a photocatalyst material under test, works via a photoreductive mechanism, in which light absorbed by the photocatalyst drives the reduction of the dye in the ''paii'', thereby producing a striking color change.〔〔 Uses of ''paiis'' include: (i) laboratory, factory and on-site commercial photocatalyst product quality control (ii) marketing, for the rapid and striking demonstration of the efficacy of the usually invisible and otherwise slow-acting photocatalyst coating, (iii) counterfeit detection and (iv) evaluating new photocatalytic materials.
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